Legal & Tax Guide
Country-specific legal, regulatory & tax requirements for energy projects
Regulatory & Execution Reality
Predictive insights that cut through official claims
By CountryMedian months
By TechnologyBox plots
Morocco's streamlined permitting delivers solar projects in 24 months median - nearly half the time of Nigeria (48 months). Geothermal projects take longest (60 months median) due to exploration and drilling phases.
| Country | Pre-feasibility | Permitting | Environmental | Grid Connection | PPA Negotiation | Financial Close | Construction | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morocco | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% | 20% | 15% | 25% | 21% |
| Egypt | 20% | 30% | 35% | 40% | 25% | 20% | 30% | 29% |
| South Africa | 25% | 45% | 40% | 55% | 35% | 30% | 35% | 38% |
| Kenya | 30% | 35% | 40% | 45% | 30% | 25% | 30% | 34% |
| Nigeria | 40% | 55% | 50% | 65% | 45% | 40% | 45% | 49% |
| Ethiopia | 35% | 40% | 45% | 50% | 35% | 30% | 35% | 39% |
Grid Connection in Nigeria (65% delay probability)
Environmental approvals across all markets (35-50%)
Morocco's pre-feasibility stage (15% delay)
Grid connection is the universal bottleneck across Africa, with delay probabilities ranging from 30% (Morocco) to 65% (Nigeria). This reflects infrastructure constraints and utility capacity issues.
Approval Funnel
Drop-off Analysis
Incomplete documentation, site issues
EIA delays, community opposition
Grid capacity constraints, infrastructure gaps
Tariff negotiations, offtaker creditworthiness
Financing gaps, currency risk concerns
Construction delays, force majeure
Only 22% of announced projects reach operational status. The Environmental→Grid Connection transition sees the highest cumulative drop-off. Projects that secure grid connection have 73% chance of reaching financial close.
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